apuntes_Arduino/motores

Motores

• DC
  • 9v
  • L298N y Joystick
  • Puente H
  • Puente H ISR
• Servo
  • Servo Joystick
  • Servo Led
  • Servo Termo
  • Servos y potenciometros
• Brushless
  • Serial ESC
• Paso a paso
  • Control PaP
  • Ajuste velocidad PaP
  • PaP
  • PaP 5v
  • Stepper KeyStudio

---

DC

Bateria 9v

int MOTOR=3;
int i;
byte velocidad = 1;
int pausa = 12000;

void setup(){
  pinMode(MOTOR, OUTPUT);
  //Serial.begin(115200);
  analogWrite(MOTOR, 0);  
}

void loop(){
    /*
    for(i=150; i<=255; i++){
      analogWrite(MOTOR, i);
      //Serial.print(" "+String(i));
      delay(velocidad);
    }
    //Serial.println("");
    delay(pausa);
    for(i=255; i>=150; i--){
      analogWrite(MOTOR, i);
      //Serial.print(" "+String(i));
      delay(velocidad);
    }
    //Serial.println("");
    */
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 215);
    delay(pausa);
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 0);
    delay(5000);
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 235);
    delay(pausa);
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 0);
    delay(5000);
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 255);
    delay(pausa);
    /*
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 255);
    delay(pausa);
    analogWrite(MOTOR, 0);
    delay(velocidad);
    */
}

L298N y Joystick

#define motor1 13
#define motor2 12
#define EnA 11
#define JoyX A0
#define JoyY A1
//boolean sentido = true;
int espera = 500;

void setup() {
    pinMode(motor1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(motor2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(EnA, OUTPUT);
}
//Valor JoyX a la Izq de 524 a 0
//Valor JyY a la Der de 526 a 1023
void giro() {
    int ejeX = analogRead(JoyX);
    if(ejeX < 525) {
        digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor1, HIGH); 
        analogWrite(EnA,map(ejeX,524,0,0,255));
    } else if(ejeX > 525) {
        digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor2, HIGH);
        analogWrite(EnA,map(ejeX,526,1023,0,255));
    } else {
        detener();
    }
}

void detener() {
    digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
}

void loop() {
   giro();
}

Puente H

int motor1 = 6;
int motor2 = 7;
boolean sentido = true;
int espera = 500;

void setup() {
    pinMode(motor1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(motor2, OUTPUT);
}

void giro() {
    if(sentido) {
        digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor1, HIGH); 
    } else if(!sentido) {
        digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor2, HIGH);
    } else {
        digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
    }
}

void detener() {
    digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
}

void loop() {
    detener();
    delay(espera);
    sentido = true;
    giro();
    delay(5000);
    detener();
    delay(espera);
    sentido = false;
    giro();
    delay(5000);
}

Puente H ISR

int motor1 = 6;
int motor2 = 7;
int cambio = 2; // Pin ligado a interrupcion 0
volatile boolean sentido = true;
int espera = 500;

void setup() {
    //pinMode(cambio, INPUT);
    pinMode(motor1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(motor2, OUTPUT);
    attachInterrupt(0, cambioGiro, RISING);
}

void giro() {
    if(sentido) {
        digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor1, HIGH); 
    } else if(!sentido) {
        digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor2, HIGH);
    } else {
        digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
    }
}

void cambioGiro() {
    digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
    sentido = !sentido;
}

void detener() {
    digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);
}

void loop() {
    detener();
    delay(espera);
    giro();
    delay(5000);
}

---

Servo

Servo Joystick

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo_X;

void setup() {
  myservo_X.attach(9);
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
/*
  for (byte j=20; j<140; j++){
    myservo_X.write(j);
    Serial.print("up j=");
    Serial.println(j);
    delay(25);
  }
  for (byte i=140; i>20; i--) {
    myservo_X.write(i);
    Serial.print("down i= ");
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(25);
  }
 */
  myservo_X.write(115);
  delay(1000);
  myservo_X.write(45);
  delay(1000);
}

Servo Led

#include <Servo.h>
#define echoPin 7         // Echo Pin
#define trigPin 8         // Trigger Pin
#define LEDPin 13         // LED pin
boolean algo;             // true si hay algo en rango
int i, j;
int maximumRange = 50;    // Distancia maxima
int minimumRange = 10;    // Distancia minima
long duration, distance;  // Duración utílizada para calcular la distancia
Servo myservo;            // instancia objero Servo

void setup() {
  Serial.begin (9600);
  myservo.attach(9);      // pin asociado al objeto Servo
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
    sensar();
    accion();
    if(!algo) {
        while(i<171) {
            for (i=j; i<=170; i++) {  // giro sentido antihorario
                myservo.write(i);     // mueve el servo a la posición indicada
                sensar();
                accion();
                j = i;
                if(algo) break;
            }
        }
    }
    while(i>10) {
        if(!algo) {
            for (j=i; j>=10; j--) {   // giro sentido horario
                myservo.write(j);     // mueve el servo a la posición indicada
                sensar();
                accion();
                i=j;
                if(algo) break;
            }
        }
    sensar();
    accion();
    }
}
  
void accion() {
    if (distance >= maximumRange || distance <= minimumRange){
        Serial.println("Nada por aquí");
        digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);
        algo = false;
    } else {
        algo = true;
        Serial.print("Objeto a: ");
        Serial.print(distance);
        Serial.println(" cm.");
        digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);
    }
}

void sensar() {
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // demora del eco, para cálculo de distancia
    distance = duration/58.2;
}

Servo Termo

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo_X;
bool estado_termo;
byte medio;

void setup() {
  myservo_X.attach(9);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  
/* Movimiento Servo, accion On (120) - Off (45)
* mitad real (75?)
* actuar a 3 etapas por lado

  myservo_X.write(120);
  delay(1000);
  Serial.println("ON");
  myservo_X.write(45);
  delay(1000);
  Serial.println("OFF");
*/
  termo(estado_termo);
}

void termo(bool estado) {
  if (!estado) {
    Serial.println("ON");
    myservo_X.write(120);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(110);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(120);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(110);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(120);
    delay(2000);
    estado_termo = !estado_termo;
  } else {
    Serial.println("OFF");
    myservo_X.write(45);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(62);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(45);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(62);
    delay(500);
    myservo_X.write(45);
    delay(2000);
    estado_termo = !estado_termo;
  }
}

Servos y potenciometros

#include <Servo.h>
#define srv1 3
#define srv2 4
#define potX A0
#define potY A1

Servo srX;
Servo srY;

void setup() {
    srX.attach(srv1);
    srY.attach(srv2);
}

void loop() {
    srX.write(map(analogRead(potX), 0, 1023, 0, 180));
    delay(50);
    srY.write(map(analogRead(potY), 0, 1023, 0, 180));
    delay(50);
}

---

Brushless

Serial ESC

#include <Servo.h>

Servo Esc;
#define pinEsc 9
int pwm_esc = 0;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(9600);
    Esc.attach(pinEsc);
    Esc.writeMicroseconds(1000);
    Serial.println("iniciando");
    delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
    while(Serial.available() > 0) {
        pwm_esc = Serial.parseInt();
        if(Serial.read()=='\n') {
            Esc.writeMicroseconds(pwm_esc);
            Serial.print("Valor ESC: ");
            Serial.println(pwm_esc);
        }
        delay(20);
    }
}
//SOLO Nueva Linea /n
//Caviar min=1150/max=1900
//Para disco duro test1
//min 1620
//max 1900

---

Paso a Paso

Control PaP

// defines pins numbers
const int stepPin = 3; 
const int dirPin = 4;  
 
void setup() {
    // Sets the two pins as Outputs
    pinMode(stepPin,OUTPUT); 
    pinMode(dirPin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
    digitalWrite(dirPin,HIGH); // Enables the motor to move in a particular direction
    // Makes 200 pulses for making one full cycle rotation
    for(int x = 0; x < 200; x++) {
        digitalWrite(stepPin,HIGH); 
        delayMicroseconds(500); 
        digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW); 
        delayMicroseconds(500); 
    }
    delay(1000); // One second delay
  
    digitalWrite(dirPin,LOW); //Changes the rotations direction
    // Makes 400 pulses for making two full cycle rotation
    for(int x = 0; x < 400; x++) {
        digitalWrite(stepPin,HIGH);
        delayMicroseconds(500);
        digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW);
        delayMicroseconds(500);
    }
    delay(1000);
}

Ajuste velocidad PaP

// Defines pins numbers
const int stepPin = 3;
const int dirPin = 4;
int customDelay,customDelayMapped; // Defines variables
 
void setup() {
    // Sets the two pins as Outputs
    pinMode(stepPin,OUTPUT);
    pinMode(dirPin,OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(dirPin,HIGH); //Enables the motor to move in a particular direction
}

void loop() {
    customDelayMapped = speedUp(); // Gets custom delay values from the custom speedUp function
    // Makes pules with custom delay, depending on the Potentiometer, from which the speed of the motor depends
    digitalWrite(stepPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(customDelayMapped);
    digitalWrite(stepPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(customDelayMapped);
}

// Function for reading the Potentiometer
int speedUp() {
    int customDelay = analogRead(A0); // Reads the potentiometer

    // Convert read values of pots from 0 to 1023 into 
    // desireded delay values (300 to 4000)
    int newCustom = map(customDelay, 0, 1023, 300,4000); 
    return newCustom;
}

PaP

Simple Stepper Motor Control Exaple Code

// defines pins numbers
const int stepPin = 3; 
const int dirPin = 4; 

void setup() {
    // Sets the two pins as Outputs
    pinMode(stepPin,OUTPUT); 
    pinMode(dirPin,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
    digitalWrite(dirPin,HIGH); // Enables the motor to move in a particular direction
    // Makes 200 pulses for making one full cycle rotation
    for(int x = 0; x < 200; x++) {
        digitalWrite(stepPin,HIGH); 
        delayMicroseconds(500); 
        digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW); 
        delayMicroseconds(500); 
    }
    delay(1000); // One second delay
    digitalWrite(dirPin,LOW); //Changes the rotations direction
    // Makes 400 pulses for making two full cycle rotation
    for(int x = 0; x < 400; x++) {
        digitalWrite(stepPin,HIGH);
        delayMicroseconds(500);
        digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW);
        delayMicroseconds(500);
    }
    delay(1000);
}

PaP 5v

#include <Stepper.h>   
#define STEPS 100  
Stepper stepper(STEPS, 8, 9, 10, 11);  
int previous = 1;  
void setup() {
    stepper.setSpeed(90);
}

void loop() {    
    int val = analogRead(100);      
    stepper.step(val - previous);     
    previous = val;
    delay(200);
}

Stepper KeyStudio

#include <Stepper.h>   
#define STEPS 100

Stepper stepper(STEPS, 8, 9, 10, 11);  

int previous = 0;  

void setup() {
    stepper.setSpeed(120);
    Serial.begin(9600);
}   

void loop() {
    int val = analogRead(0);
    Serial.println(val);      
    stepper.step(val - previous);     
    previous = val;
}